Updated assessment of erosion rates on alaskas arctic coast. In the arctic, the loss of sea ice is likely to have dramatic repercussions, including greater erosion. Jul 02, 2015 coastal alaska natives face some of the highest shoreline erosion in the world. Coastal erosion along the arctic coast is chronic and widespread. Coastline mainly made up of cliffs 2030m high, made of soft, easily eroded. These are corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and corrosionsolution. The loss of sea ice in the arctic also exposes shorelines to rapid coastal erosion. The cumulative effects of these drivers are also important. The bureau of engineering, in cooperation with the united states army corps of engineers usace provides beach nourishment and renourishment p rojects along the new jersey coastline.
Third, such changes are also driving other slowonset hazards such as permafrost thaw. They looked at the changing location of the coastal vegetation line to track erosion and accretion. In this paper we studied about coastal erosion, causes and impact of coastal erosion. This entry was posted in coastal erosion, in the news, kiribati, media room and tagged climate change, coastal erosion, environment and conservation division, mangroves, ministry of envrionment, press release on july 25, 20 by webadmin. Positive erosion trends have been observed for highlyvariable geomorphic conditions across the entire arctic, suggesting a major human. An analysis of arctic coastal resilience in response to erosion the current environment of the arctic coastline is shifting. The arctic coastal plain of northern alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the united states, is home to remote native communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. For most of the year, landfast sea ice has buffered alaskas northern coastline from waves, winds, and currents. Sustained observations of changing arctic coastal and. Erosion and floodingthreats to coastal infrastructure in the.
Pdf the management of coastal erosion researchgate. The arctic coastal plain of northern alaska, an area of strategic economic importance to the united states, is home to remote native american communities and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion happens along the coast of every beach around the world, because it is a natural. Environmental impactscoastal erosion and coastline changes. Nov 12, 2015 arctic coastal infrastructure and cultural and archeological sites are increasingly vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to amplified warming of the arctic, sea level rise, lengthening of open water periods, and a predicted increase in frequency of major storms. Ye yincan et al, in marine geohazards in china, 2017. Coastal erosion pdf causes,impact,mitigation measures. Drew point is about halfway between point barrow and prudhoe bay on the north slope of alaska.
The desire to build structures on coastlines has often interfered with the natural erosion processes. Protecting humanbuilt structures from coastline erosion has been going on for centuries. The village is a scant 2 square miles, barely big enough for its. Coastal areas have been my primary focus with regard to revegetation and erosion control activities during the past 32 years. The results are presented in the graphs that accompany each map. Mitigating these hazards necessitates decisionmaking tools at an appropriate scale. Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in arctic alaska. Coastal and sea erosion1 what is coastal sea erosion. Arctic coasts to erosion, inundation, and damage to settle ments and. Coastal erosion in the arctic differs from its counterpart. Permafrostdominated coastlines in the arctic are rapidly disappearing.
There are five main processes which cause coastal erosion. Blue and green indicate where open water has increased from 1955 to 2005. Coastal alaska natives face some of the highest shoreline erosion in the world. Coastal erosion and mitigation methods global state of art arkal vittal hegde department of applied mechanics and hydraulics, national institute of technology karnataka, surathkal, mangalore 575 025, india email. People are losing the ground beneath their feet, because of erosion. An analysis of arctic coastal resilience in response to erosion. Apr 17, 2011 in the high latitudes, climate change projections must take a new factor into account. Evaluating approaches to a coupled model for arctic coastal.
We present a geomorphological classification scheme for the arctic coast, with 101,447 km of coastline in 1,315 segments. Coastal erosion dynamics on the permafrostdominated bykovsky. Pdf the arctic coastal erosion problem researchgate. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your. Alaskas erosion accelerated by climate change environment. State of alaska, department of natural resources, division of agriculture, alaska plant materials center. At each of several transects, the authors calculated the rate of coastal erosion during intervals between photos. A decade of remotely sensed observations highlight complex processes linked to coastal permafrost bluff erosion in the arctic. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. So the net erosion in a relatively sheltered location was 342 metres. With the growth of population in the coastal zone, more competing pressures are being put on the shores and beaches.
As global climate change continues, the arctic is growing progressively warmer, and as continental and glacial ice melts, increased water makes its way to the ocean basins, causing sea levels to rise in a form of eustasy. Coasts can be eroded by wave action, winds, extreme weather, and the melting of permafrost. The average rate of erosion for the arctic coast is 0. Coastal erosion can be defined as the removal of material from the coast by wave action, tidal currents andor the activities of man, typically causing a landward retreat of the coastline1. Coastal erosion along the arctic coast is chronic, widespread, and may be accelerating, which threatens defense and energyrelated. Coastal erosion is a result of human activities and natural environment changes making the coastal dynamic action wave, current, wind lose balance in the coastal process, and the longterm loss of sediments of coastal zone results in the destruction process of coastline retreat and beach erosion. Positive erosion trends have been observed for highlyvariable geomorphic conditions across the entire arctic, suggesting a major humantimescale shift in coastal landscape evolution. Activation of old carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea. Climate change has accelerated the normal process of erosion along alaskas rivers and coasts. The researchers say that since roughly a third of the worlds coasts are located in the arctic permafrost, coastal erosion may affect. Coastal erosion takes land away forever from one area to.
Shoreline type and exposure appear to exert an important control on erosion rates figure 2. Other objectives include shelte ring of harbor basins and harbor entrances against. For example, a costly coastal protection scheme in one area may result in coastal erosion in another. Erosion is the wearing away of the land by the sea. Methods for integrative research on community resilience to multiple hazards, with examples from italy and england.
Wet weather fails to dampen public hearing spirits. It extends 60km from flamborough in the north to spurn point in the south. Arctic coastal erosion research group home facebook. Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in. Coastal erosion and mitigation methods global state of art. Nov 28, 2017 the arctic coastal plain of northern alaska, an area of strategic economic importance to the united states, is home to remote native american communities and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Canadian arctic faces threat of coastal erosion climate change is hastening shoreline erosion in the arctic, where communities are facing tough decisions about how to stop homes and infrastructure from being washed away. Taylor, richard, john forrester, lydia pedoth, and nilufar matin. A decade of remotely sensed observations highlight complex. Coper is a scientific programme, funded by the helmholtz association and the alfred wegener institute, assessing. The potential contribution of sustained, integrated. Arctic coastline erosion speeding up anchorage daily news. Coastal erosion prevention coastlines are the most geologically active zones on earth, where atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere all affect the local environments.
Drew point is about halfway between point barrow and prudhoe bay on. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Arctic coastal erosion rates in the united states have doubled since the. In this chapter, the effects caused by the higher temperatures in the arctic region on the increased height of waves and storm surges and the extended erosion of. Applications coastal structures are used in coast al defense schemes with the objective of preventing shoreline erosion and flooding of the hinterland. Coastal erosion or shoreline retreat is the loss of coastal lands due to the net removal of sediments or bedrock from the shoreline. We include a discussion of increased exposure to storms, coastal. Pdf permafrostdominated coastlines in the arctic are rapidly disappearing. Climate change in the arctic there is evidence that climate change is already occurring at high latitudes hassol, 2004. Protection against wavebased erosion the guidelines below address the elements of shore structure design common to nearly all erosion control structures subject to direct wave action and runup. Progress report on the implementation of the national strategy for the arctic region details the status of u. The main climatic factors driving change in the baltic sea coastal zone are wind, waves, storm surges, ice jams and flooding.
In the northwest arctic region of alaska, coastal erosion is prevalent. Coastal erosion pdf causes,impact,mitigation measures the shorelines and beaches in india serve multidimensional needs such as recreational purpose, seaport for maritime commerce, residential and commercial structures, etc. Arctic coastal erosion rates in the united states have doubled since the middle of the twentieth century and appear to be accelerating. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation.
Coastal erosion in the arctic differs from its counterpart in temperate regions due to the short openwater season 34 months and to the presence of ice in the marine and terrestrial environments that is, permafrost and ground ice. Procedia economics and finance, 4th international conference on building resilience, incorporating the 3rd annual conference of the android disaster resilience network, 8th 11th september 2014, salford. Arctic coastal infrastructure and cultural and archeological sites are increasingly vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to amplified warming of the arctic, sea level rise, lengthening of open water periods, and a predicted increase in frequency of major storms. Erosional hazards map of the arctic coast of the national petroleum reservealaska by r. This movie is a timelapse of 15 min shots taken at drew point along the beaufort sea. Every land mass on earth has miles of coast at the interface between thehydrosphere and the lithosphere.
Chapter 4 protection from coastal erosion thematic paper. The role of coastal forests and trees in protecting against coastal erosion gegar prasetya1 1 introduction shoreline changes induced by erosion and accretion are natural processes that take place over a range of time scales. Coastal erosion is the wearing away of the shore due to a few processes. In this landsat satellite image of cape halkett, alaska, a landscape of thawing permafrost appears like a section of white and grey bone, full of openings. Natural forces such as wind, waves andcurrents are constantly shaping the coastal regions. Arctic in response to climate warming, with coastal erosion being one of the most. When the arctic coast retreats, life in the shallow water. Coastal erosion is an enormous problem in our world today and occurs along beaches and shorelines. The causes of alaska coastal erosion can include warmer and higher seas, and also the loss of arctic sea. For each of the arctic shelf seas from right, clockwise. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Relevant operations that need to be considered in this context include shipping, subsistence activities by local communities, resource development, and tourism. Annual erosion rates along a 100kilometre 62mile segment of the beaufort sea shoreline averaged 5.
Current observations and future projections show that as sea ice melts earlier and forms later in the year, arctic coasts will be more vulnerable to. Starting with a collaborative workshop hosted by the norwegian institute for air research in october 2007, the international arctic science committee, the landocean interactions in the coastal zone project and the international permafrost association decided to jointly to initiate an assessment of the state of the arctic coast. Thermal erosion also affects the arctic coast, where wave action and nearshore temperatures combine to undercut permafrost bluffs along the shoreline and cause them to fail. Arctics icy coastlines retreat as planet warms live science. Conceptualizing delta forms and processes in arctic coastal. Beach nourishment involves replacing sand that has been eroded from. Jul 29, 2011 this movie is a timelapse of 15 min shots taken at drew point along the beaufort sea. While changes in sea ice, seasonality, and permafrost are not part of the classic. Hartz this erosional hazards map evaluates rates of change in coastal morphology and on this basis categorizes landuse hazards along the chukchi and. Both wind action and water action have important parts in this process and constantly change the boundary between land and water. The thawing and erosion of arctic permafrost coasts has dramatically increased in the past years and the sea is now consuming more than 20 metres of. They include lighthouses, commercial shipping ports, hotels, recreational marinas, and houses. Case study of coastal erosion flamborough head and holderness coast background and the problem of erosion the holderness coast is on the ne coast of the uk, facing the north sea. The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of arctic.
Coastal alaska natives face some of the highest shoreline. There are many kinds of humanbuilt structures that can be found on coastlines. Over extensive land areas, significant warming, increased. Erosion and floodingthreats to coastal infrastructure in the arctic. Sep 30, 2016 so the net erosion in a relatively sheltered location was 342 metres. One can watch a month of coastal melting in one minute. Erosion control structures should be designed with the smallest waterward footprint possible.
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